How fungi contribute to the ecosystem

 

 

Mycelium - The Future is Fungi

The Conscious Club

October 31, 2017

Mycelium - The Future is Fungi

They were here first...

Did you know that long before trees overtook the land, earth was covered by giant mushrooms. Researchers found that land plants had evolved on Earth by about 700 million years ago and land fungi by about 1,300 million years ago. The largest living organism in the world today is a honey fungus measuring 2.4 miles (3.8 km) across in the Blue Mountains in Oregon. 

 

So what's so special about fungi and how do they contribute to the ecosystem?

Fungi play an important role in energy cycling within, and between, ecosystems. Fungi are found in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments, and are part of a diverse community of “decomposers” that break down dead plants and animals. Aside from fungi, this community includes bacteria, tiny invertebrates, such as nematodes, and larger invertebrates, like snails, beetles and earthworms. Fungi transform organic matter into forms that can be utilized by other decomposers, and into food for plants.

DECOMPOSITION

Fungi live everywhere that moisture is present. They can be found as single-celled organisms, like yeast, that are invisible to the naked eye, and as multiple-celled organisms, like mushrooms, that are made up of strands of cells called “hyphae.” Fungi are so widespread and numerous that they make up a large proportion of the biomass in any given ecosystem. Fungi play a very important part in the decomposition process, because they can break down tough organic materials, such as cellulose and lignin, which invertebrates find difficult to digest. Fungi release digestive enzymes that are used to metabolize complex organic compounds into soluble nutrients, such as simple sugars, nitrates and phosphates. Unlike animals, that digest food inside their bodies, fungi digest food outside of their “bodies” and then absorb the nutrients into their cells.

NUTRIENT CYCLING

Plants require nutrients for growth, but nutrients are seldom freely available in soil or water because they are locked up in insoluble compounds. Plants therefore rely on decomposers to provide them with soluble nutrients that can be taken up by roots. For instance nitrogen, one of the most important plant nutrients, is locked into proteins that are not easily taken up by plants -- although some plants have been shown to do so. Fungi metabolize proteins, and release inorganic forms of nitrogen, such as nitrate, that can easily be taken up by plant roots. In freshwater environments fungi are instrumental in the transfer of energy from riparian forest to aquatic ecosystems, by decomposing wood and leaf litter that fall into the water. In terrestrial systems, fungi transfer energy from above the ground, to below it, where it is recycled back to plants.

SYMBIOSIS

Some species of fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants. Mycorrhizal fungi are associated with plant roots. This relationship is mutually beneficial because fungi facilitate the transfer of nutrients from the soil into plant roots, and in turn receive carbon from the plant. Carbon is stored by fungi in the soil and therefore is not released as carbon dioxide. It was once thought that plants were the only source of carbon for mycorrhizal fungi. However, an article published in the May 2008 issue of “Functional Ecology” reveals that mycorrhizal fungi can actively decompose organic carbon, and therefore play a greater role in carbon loss and input from soil than previously thought. Lichens are another type of fungi that form a symbiotic relationship, but they do so with cyanobacteria. Lichens provide shelter for the bacteria, which in turn make energy and carbon for lichens via photosynthesis.

FOOD SOURCE

There are many animals that rely partially, or wholly, on fungi as a food source. Herbivorous mammals tend to be opportunistic fungus feeders, eating fungi if they come across it while browsing in the forest. However, for some animals fungi makes up a large part of their diets. Examples are the caribou, which relies heavily on tree lichens for food during the winter when leafy foods are not available, and the long-nosed potoroo, an Australian mammal whose diet consists almost entirely of fungal fruiting bodies. Many invertebrates also eat fungi, both opportunistically and actively. Stream invertebrates receive extra energy when they eat decaying leaves that have fungi growing on them. Banana slugs are commonly observed feeding on mushrooms and other fungi, which they appear to favor over other foods.

The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae) .

 

The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae) .

What is Mycelium?

The word mycelium literally means “more than one”. It is actually a plural form of the word Mycelia.  The word has New Latin and Greek origins and was first coined in text in the early 1800’s, and refers to the thread-like body of a fungus.  The main part of the fungus is the mycelia, which lives inside the substrate (wood, straw, grain, etc). The mushrooms that we eat are actually just a small visible part of the organism. In nature mushrooms "bloom" much like flowers do.  Like flowers, mushrooms bloom during certain times of the year when the conditions are just right.  To properly explain mycelium we have to get a little technical.

Mushrooms do not reproduce by seed or gather energy by photosynthesis like plants do.  They reproduce by means of spores.  These spores germinate to produce a mass of interwoven, single-cell wide structures known as hyphae.  Hyphae are sometimes also called Shiro.  Collectively, masses of hyphae are known as the mycelium. 

Fungus absorbs nutrients from its environment (substrate, log, etc) through its mycelium in a two-stage process.  First, the hyphae secrete enzymes into the decaying wood or other substrate. These enzymes break down biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers.   The mycelium then absorbs these monomers, using a combination of facilitated diffusion and active transport. 

Just like an apple on a tree the mushroom is a fruit of these reproducing fungi.  In nature the chances of mushroom spores germinating and then actually producing a mushroom are quite slim.  Everything has to be just right to actually produce a mushroom.  They don’t just grow everywhere at random.  This is why mushrooms are highly prized and hunted in the wild.  In our sterile laboratory however we can produce mushrooms that are free of contaminates.  Our mycologists cultivate a select species indoor where the mushroom mycelium can grow without the harsh environment nature sometimes provides.  

Cultures can be taken from spores or from the mushroom tissue itself.  In the process of germinating spores, many different strains are formed.  All strains however are not compatible with each other. In taking a culture from the tissue of a living mushroom, the cultivator preserves the exact genetic character of that specific mushroom.  This is also known as cloning.  When spores are used, a single strain must be singled out from the vast array of strains created.  In both cases, the end result is basically a network of cells.  This is the amazing mycelium, the actual organism that produces mushrooms.

Stop, observe and learn from mother nature, for she has an answer to everything.

FUNGI AS A BUILDING MATERIAL:

<br/>

 

MANUFACTURED WOOD MADE WITHOUT TREES:

<br/>

PLASTIC EATING FUNGI

<br/>

These examples are just a tip of the iceberg. Is the future a bio-based material world? We really hope so!

 

Mycelium_Mushrooms - The Future is Fungi

 The Mycelium_Mushrooms - The Future is Fungi

 

Mycelium - The Future is Fungi
The Conscious Club
October 31, 2017
Mycelium - The Future is Fungi
They were here first...
Source: https://thegreentemple.net/articles/mycelium-the-future-is-fungi

Did you know that long before trees overtook the land, earth was covered by giant mushrooms. Researchers found that land plants had evolved on Earth by about 700 million years ago and land fungi by about 1,300 million years ago. The largest living organism in the world today is a honey fungus measuring 2.4 miles (3.8 km) across in the Blue Mountains in Oregon.

 
So what's so special about fungi and how do they contribute to the ecosystem?

Fungi play an important role in energy cycling within, and between, ecosystems. Fungi are found in terrestrial, marine and freshwater environments, and are part of a diverse community of “decomposers” that break down dead plants and animals. Aside from fungi, this community includes bacteria, tiny invertebrates, such as nematodes, and larger invertebrates, like snails, beetles and earthworms. Fungi transform organic matter into forms that can be utilized by other decomposers, and into food for plants.
DECOMPOSITION

Fungi live everywhere that moisture is present. They can be found as single-celled organisms, like yeast, that are invisible to the naked eye, and as multiple-celled organisms, like mushrooms, that are made up of strands of cells called “hyphae.” Fungi are so widespread and numerous that they make up a large proportion of the biomass in any given ecosystem. Fungi play a very important part in the decomposition process, because they can break down tough organic materials, such as cellulose and lignin, which invertebrates find difficult to digest. Fungi release digestive enzymes that are used to metabolize complex organic compounds into soluble nutrients, such as simple sugars, nitrates and phosphates. Unlike animals, that digest food inside their bodies, fungi digest food outside of their “bodies” and then absorb the nutrients into their cells.
NUTRIENT CYCLING

Plants require nutrients for growth, but nutrients are seldom freely available in soil or water because they are locked up in insoluble compounds. Plants therefore rely on decomposers to provide them with soluble nutrients that can be taken up by roots. For instance nitrogen, one of the most important plant nutrients, is locked into proteins that are not easily taken up by plants -- although some plants have been shown to do so. Fungi metabolize proteins, and release inorganic forms of nitrogen, such as nitrate, that can easily be taken up by plant roots. In freshwater environments fungi are instrumental in the transfer of energy from riparian forest to aquatic ecosystems, by decomposing wood and leaf litter that fall into the water. In terrestrial systems, fungi transfer energy from above the ground, to below it, where it is recycled back to plants.

SYMBIOSIS:
Some species of fungi form symbiotic relationships with plants. Mycorrhizal fungi are associated with plant roots. This relationship is mutually beneficial because fungi facilitate the transfer of nutrients from the soil into plant roots, and in turn receive carbon from the plant. Carbon is stored by fungi in the soil and therefore is not released as carbon dioxide. It was once thought that plants were the only source of carbon for mycorrhizal fungi. However, an article published in the May 2008 issue of “Functional Ecology” reveals that mycorrhizal fungi can actively decompose organic carbon, and therefore play a greater role in carbon loss and input from soil than previously thought. Lichens are another type of fungi that form a symbiotic relationship, but they do so with cyanobacteria. Lichens provide shelter for the bacteria, which in turn make energy and carbon for lichens via photosynthesis.

FOOD SOURCE:
There are many animals that rely partially, or wholly, on fungi as a food source. Herbivorous mammals tend to be opportunistic fungus feeders, eating fungi if they come across it while browsing in the forest. However, for some animals fungi makes up a large part of their diets. Examples are the caribou, which relies heavily on tree lichens for food during the winter when leafy foods are not available, and the long-nosed potoroo, an Australian mammal whose diet consists almost entirely of fungal fruiting bodies. Many invertebrates also eat fungi, both opportunistically and actively. Stream invertebrates receive extra energy when they eat decaying leaves that have fungi growing on them. Banana slugs are commonly observed feeding on mushrooms and other fungi, which they appear to favor over other foods.
The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae) .
 

The discipline of biology devoted to the study of fungi is known as mycology. Mycelium is the vegetative part of a fungus, consisting of a network of fine white filaments (hyphae) .
What is Mycelium?

The word mycelium literally means “more than one”. It is actually a plural form of the word Mycelia.  The word has New Latin and Greek origins and was first coined in text in the early 1800’s, and refers to the thread-like body of a fungus.  The main part of the fungus is the mycelia, which lives inside the substrate (wood, straw, grain, etc). The mushrooms that we eat are actually just a small visible part of the organism. In nature mushrooms "bloom" much like flowers do.  Like flowers, mushrooms bloom during certain times of the year when the conditions are just right.  To properly explain mycelium we have to get a little technical.

Mushrooms do not reproduce by seed or gather energy by photosynthesis like plants do.  They reproduce by means of spores.  These spores germinate to produce a mass of interwoven, single-cell wide structures known as hyphae.  Hyphae are sometimes also called Shiro.  Collectively, masses of hyphae are known as the mycelium.

Fungus absorbs nutrients from its environment (substrate, log, etc) through its mycelium in a two-stage process.  First, the hyphae secrete enzymes into the decaying wood or other substrate. These enzymes break down biological polymers into smaller units such as monomers.   The mycelium then absorbs these monomers, using a combination of facilitated diffusion and active transport.

Just like an apple on a tree the mushroom is a fruit of these reproducing fungi.  In nature the chances of mushroom spores germinating and then actually producing a mushroom are quite slim.  Everything has to be just right to actually produce a mushroom.  They don’t just grow everywhere at random.  This is why mushrooms are highly prized and hunted in the wild.  In our sterile laboratory however we can produce mushrooms that are free of contaminates.  Our mycologists cultivate a select species indoor where the mushroom mycelium can grow without the harsh environment nature sometimes provides.  

Cultures can be taken from spores or from the mushroom tissue itself.  In the process of germinating spores, many different strains are formed.  All strains however are not compatible with each other. In taking a culture from the tissue of a living mushroom, the cultivator preserves the exact genetic character of that specific mushroom.  This is also known as cloning.  When spores are used, a single strain must be singled out from the vast array of strains created.  In both cases, the end result is basically a network of cells.  This is the amazing mycelium, the actual organism that produces mushrooms.

Stop, observe and learn from mother nature, for she has an answer to everything.

Mycelium-Mushroom-Visions/Poem:
I have mushrooms growing on my "ceiling", each look like a "cherry", I give these mushroom "merit", reminds me of a psychedelic "bus", of course I am the "general" on this bus, there is also no "rent", mycelium is has a special foot-"print", many other mushrooms are "useless", I pick them from the "rural" regions, they are never "under" my feet, thereis a great "market" for mycelium in china, I always "discover" new mycelium locations,

This is the Apache2 Defualt Index.html File Welcome Ppage

 

Apache2 Ubuntu Default Page

TABLE OF CONTENTS

About

Changes

Scope

Config files

It works!

'This is the Apache2 Defualt Index.html File Welcome Ppage' used to test the correct operation of the Apache2 server after installation on Ubuntu systems. It is based on the equivalent page on Debian, from which the Ubuntu Apache packaging is derived. If you can read this page, it means that the Apache HTTP server installed at this site is working properly. You should replace this file (located at /var/www/html/index.html) before continuing to operate your HTTP server.

If you are a normal user of this web site and don't know what this page is about, this probably means that the site is currently unavailable due to maintenance. If the problem persists, please contact the site's administrator.

Configuration Overview: 

Ubuntu's Apache2 default configuration is different from the upstream default configuration, and split into several files optimized for interaction with Ubuntu tools. 

The configuration system is fully documented in /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian.gz

Refer to this for the full documentation. Documentation for the web server itself can be found by accessing the manual if the apache2-doc package was installed on this server.

The configuration layout for an Apache2 web server installation on Ubuntu systems is as follows:

/etc/apache2/
|-- apache2.conf
|       `--  ports.conf
|-- mods-enabled
|       |-- *.load
|       `-- *.conf
|-- conf-enabled
|       `-- *.conf
|-- sites-enabled
|       `-- *.conf
          

• apache2.conf is the main configuration file. It puts the pieces together by including all remaining configuration files when starting up the web server.
• ports.conf is always included from the main configuration file. It is used to determine the listening ports for incoming connections, and this file can be customized anytime.
• Configuration files in the mods-enabled/, conf-enabled/ and sites-enabled/ directories contain particular configuration snippets which manage modules, global configuration fragments, or virtual host configurations, respectively.
• They are activated by symlinking available configuration files from their respective *-available/ counterparts. These should be managed by using our helpers a2enmod, a2dismod, a2ensite, a2dissite, and a2enconf, a2disconf . See their respective man pages for detailed information.
• The binary is called apache2. Due to the use of environment variables, in the default configuration, apache2 needs to be started/stopped with /etc/init.d/apache2 or apache2ctl. Calling /usr/bin/apache2 directly will not work with the default configuration.

 

 

 Document Roots:  

 

By default, Ubuntu does not allow access through the web browser to any file apart of those located in /var/www, public_html directories (when enabled) and /usr/share (for web applications). If your site is using a web document root located elsewhere (such as in /srv) you may need to whitelist your document root directory in /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.

The default Ubuntu document root is /var/www/html. You can make your own virtual hosts under /var/www. This is different to previous releases which provides better security out of the box.

Reporting Problems

Please use the ubuntu-bug tool to report bugs in the Apache2 package with Ubuntu. However, check existing bug reports before reporting a new bug.

Please report bugs specific to modules (such as PHP and others) to respective packages, not to the web server itself.

.Onion Tor-Network Nodes Research

0. Hack Target DoT Com

1. Tools_Trace_My_IP.org-New-Mexico

2. ProtonMail+Tor

3. TorProject Official Website

4. ProtonMail+Tor Setup Instructions

5. ProtonMail Main Website

6. OnionMail WebSite: Must Visit via TorBrowser

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

 

Reference Research: BiCycle Generator

 

HomeConsciousnessActivismEnvironmentScienceTechnology

Would You Cycle For An Hour Every Day If It Powered Your Home For 24 Hours?

  Nota Pan  Saturday, April 18, 2020

 Researchers Explain Why 2,000 Year-Old Roman Concrete Has Such Incredible Longevity

 Chinese Designed A Gigantic Solar Farm That's Shaped Like A Panda

 Ocean Cleanup Project Is Ready To Launch In 2017 After Raising $21.7 Million

People often complain about both the high cost of energy and the fact that "they don't have time to exercise." This invention certainly solves both problems.

It is an invention that could provide free electricity to 1.3 billion people living without electricity due to extreme poverty. Manoj Bhargava has built an exercise bike to power the millions of homes around the world that have little or no electricity.

Early next year, he plans to distribute 10,000 of his free Electric - Battery Equipped - Bicycles to India, which he claims cover the energy needs of a home, lighting and other appliances for an entire day, by cycling an hour.

Bhargava, who dropped out of Princeton University after a year because he was bored and then lived for 12 years in an ashram in his hometown in India, does not stop in bicycles. He has tried to find ways to make seawater drinkable, boost body circulation, and provide unlimited amounts of geothermal energy through a graphene cable.

"If you have wealth, it is your duty to help those who do not have it," he says. "Make a difference in people's lives. Don't just talk about it."

Could his bike really work? Will people trust it, or will they have space in their homes for it? "It has enormous potential and opportunities for rural households," said Ajaita Shah, CEO of Frontier Markets, a company that sells solar lamps and lighting systems in India and says she would like to try the bike on her customers living in rural areas.

"It's so simple that we think we can make it for $ 100. A bicycle repairman can customize it anywhere," Bhargava said in an interview. The pedal turns a generator that produces electricity, which is stored in a battery.

The first 50 bikes will be tested in 15 or 20 small villages in the northern province of Uttarakhand before the final total installation, which will happen in the first quarter of next year.

Big problems and simple solutions...

The Bhargava team has come up with innovative ideas in health, water, and energy. They design "Renew," a medical device that acts as an auxiliary heart by sending blood from the legs to the body.

To deal with the drought, they have built the "Rain Maker," which converts 1,000 gallons per hour of all kinds of water to drinking water and is already being tested at a desalination plant in New Mexico.

Bhargava has an even bigger idea that aims to make the world independent of fossil fuels, which emit greenhouse gases. Whatever people think about climate change, he says, "pollution is a problem." His answer: draw the heat that is deep inside the Earth.

While geothermal energy is already widely used in some countries, such as Indonesia and Iceland, Bhargava is adopting a new approach. Instead of using steam mixed with chemicals to bring this heat to the surface, he will pump it with a graphene cable as the graphene is more durable than steel and is an incredible heat conductor.

"You don't need any combustion… Once you bring the heat up, you don't need to change any of the existing infrastructures," he says, explaining that it could simply be distributed from existing units instead of coal, oil, or gas.

"This is, in my opinion, the ultimate solution," he said, adding that this type of geothermal energy could replace 85% of fossil fuels today. He claims that according to the maps, half of the world has plenty of underground heat, which with graphene cables, could be distributed to the other half.

"I think someone is going to kill me," he says, laughing, noting that such an idea could disrupt the geopolitical map. He works with a graphene research center in Singapore to develop a cable and plans to present the available images later this year.

Bhargava says he sees no altruism in his charity. "I like the job," he says. "Ιt is not retribution. It's gotta be this, otherwise 'what else' can I do?"

All photo credits: tilestwra.com

DD-WRT CiSCO LinkSys WRT64G2-1.0 Upgrade-Guide

Linksys WRT54G2 v1.0

These are instructions for the WRT54G2 V1.0 ONLY. 

See here for the WRT54G2_v1.3 or WRT54GS2v1.0.

Contents [hide] 1 Hardware 2 Install Procedure 2.1 Updating DD-WRT 2.2 Linksys Firmware is VxWorks OS 2.3 Micro builds 3 Reverting back to stock Linksys firmware 3.1 Reverting via VxWorksRevert 3.2 Reverting through JTAG 3.3 Reverting Notes 4 Historical Alternate Flash instructions 4.1 Overview 4.2 Procedure 5 Troubleshooting 5.1 Forum 5.2 TFTP troubleshooting 5.3 Issues after firmware upload 5.3.1 Flashing Power Light 5.3.2 Unbricking WRT54G2 5.3.3 Reporting a bug in DD-WRT 6 Credits

[edit] Hardware

https://wikidevi.com/wiki/Linksys_WRT54G2_v1.0

• CPU: Broadcom BCM5354 @ 240 MHz
• RAM / Flash (ROM): 16 MB / 2 MB
• S/N Prefix: CSV (Warning: this is the same for all WRT54G2v1.x routers)

Unlike most WRT54* models, the BCM5354 clock is locked and cannot be overclocked.

[edit] Install Procedure

Carefully read the Peacock announcement
NOTE: WRT54G2v1.0 only can use micro builds, and DO NOT USE VINT BUILDS

1. Download ftp://ftp.dd-wrt.com/others/eko/WRT54G2V1%20Flashing/VxWorksKiller-G2V1-new.bin
2. Download ftp://ftp.dd-wrt.com/others/eko/WRT54G2V1%20Flashing/dd-wrt.v24-10709_NEWD_micro.bin
3. Download ftp://ftp.dd-wrt.com/others/eko/WRT54G2V1%20Flashing/tftp.exe (Windows TFTP client)
4. Reset the router to defaults on the Linksys Admin page, then let it reboot.
   • Read the Peacock announcement Note 11 (How to TFTP) and the Tftp_flash wiki.
5. Set the computer to a static IP address e.g. 192.168.1.8, subnet 255.255.255.0
6. Connect an ethernet cable from the computer into a LAN port of the G2v1. Do not use wireless!
7. Login (username is blank, password = admin) and navigate to Admin->Firmware Upgrade page. Browse to the VxWorksKiller-G2V1-new.bin, press Upgrade and wait 120 seconds for it to reboot itself
   • If it does not, power cycle the router manually.
8. Wait another 120 seconds then reboot again. Router should now be listening for TFTP transfer of DD-WRT
9. Run the downloaded tftp.exe (to avoid issues, open as administrator) and set the following:
   • Server: 192.168.1.1
   • Password: (Leave Blank)
   • File: click Browse then select "dd-wrt.v24-10709_NEWD_micro.bin" (from step 2)
10. Tftp the downloaded DD-WRT micro firmware to the router, use dd-wrt.v24-10709_NEWD_micro.bin
11. After successful tftp, wait 3 min for the router to finish writing new nvram defaults, etc. It should reboot on its own at least twice, so wait 3 min then go to http://192.168.1.1
    • If it does not reboot on its own, wait another 1 min, and then power cycle
12. When finished booting, hard reset then let it boot again, set a password, and login to DD-WRT
13. Upgrade to 14929 micro_generic.bin, following the steps in note 1 of the Peacock announcement
14. Set your computer back to automatically obtaining DHCP and DNS.
15. Restart your internet browser to avoid blank apply.cgi issue

For more information and builds: Index:FAQ#Where_do_I_download_firmware.3F

[edit] Updating DD-WRT

DO NOT USE THE ROUTER DATABASE! See the Peacock announcement for recommended builds, or research new builds threads for k2.4 micro builds routers, particularly for BCM5354 chipset routers.

[edit] Linksys Firmware is VxWorks OS

Unlike classic WRT54 versions, it is not possible to upgrade directly via stock Linksys web interface on the WRT54G2. OEM firmware runs a vxworks-based OS and requires a special procedure outlined below.

[edit] Micro builds

Once DD-WRT is installed, other micro, Micro-plus, or micro-plus_ssh versions can be flashed. For description of Micro features, see this feature matrix.

• Micro-plus and micro-plus_ssh builds disappeared from the download site, see here and here. 18946 was the last micro-plus (currently not available), so for newer builds use micro_generic.

[edit] Reverting back to stock Linksys firmware

[edit] Reverting via VxWorksRevert

Cybermiguel has successfully reverted a WRT54G2 V1.0 using Brainslayer's VxWorksRevert tool for the WRT54GSv7 using the steps below. This has been confirmed by at least two other people.

1. Download the VxWorksRevert-GSv7.bin image and save it to a memorable location you can browse to in the next step.
2. Log into DD-WRT on your router via the web interface and go to Administration -> Firmware Upgrade, selecting the VxWorksRevert.bin file that you've just downloaded as the new firmware.
3. Wait at least 2 minutes for the router to update. The power light on the device will begin flashing.
4. Power cycle the router. When turning back on, the power light will still continue to flash but you will now be able to access the Management Mode at http://192.168.1.1/. NOTE: At this point, there is no wireless enabled, so if you are flashing wirelessly you will need to plug in an Ethernet cable to update the router.
5. Download the Linksys WRT54GSv7 firmware here and upload it via the Management Mode web interface. On successful completion, power cycle the router.
6. After 45 seconds or so, browsing to http://192.168.1.1/ will now display the default Linksys firmware (albeit labelled as a WRT54GSv7).
7. Download the modified official WRT54G2 V1.0 firmware and upload it via the Firmware Upgrade page on the web interface. Wait for it to reboot.
8. Tada! Your router is now back to stock factory firmware.

[edit] Reverting through JTAG

Reverting through JTAG results in a generic mac address that can be fixed with mac clone. Anyone willing to try it with JTAG, here is a "generic" original Linksys wholeflash for the WRT54G2V1. It has an embedded MAC address of 00:21:29:00:00:01
This MUST be loaded back to the unit with JTAG...no exceptions. This is an altered/edited wholeflash.bin file from my virgin unit, before dd-wrt was loaded.

• generic-WHOLEFLASH.BIN - This is vworks, not linux

[edit] Reverting Notes

I followed the Reverting via VxWorksRevert exactly but couldn't get past step about uploading the bin file to the Management Mode web interface. It would NEVER work. After troubleshooting the issue, I re-downloaded the .bin file and tried it again and it worked. So, if you get "Upgrade Failed" when uploading bin files to the management mode, try re-downloading the .bin file.

[edit] Historical Alternate Flash instructions

This and the original procedure, using a two step VxWorks removal process, are deprecated.
The Prep and Killer .bin files are no longer available. Use the new Install Procedure instead.
For the old method, read the WRT54G2v1.0 thread.

Disclaimer: DON'T DO THIS IF YOU ARE UNSURE ABOUT HOW TO FOLLOW THROUGH ON ANY OF THE STEPS! YOU CAN EASILY BRICK YOUR ROUTER BY NOT FOLLOWING THESE STEPS FULLY!
This How-To is to install DD-WRT on a WRT54G2v1 without using any of the Linksys tftp programs. This would allow you to install DD-WRT from almost any correctly configured OS with a tftp client and ping program.
This is based on the original instructions for installing DD-WRT on the WRT54G2 and my own experiences installing Eko's 13000 NEWD Micro Plus w/ SSH (Sept 30, 2009). [See Micro builds]

[edit] Overview

With the router still disconnected from the computer:

1. Download the correct files needed to install DD-WRT to your computer
2. Hard resett your router
3. Configure your computer with a static IP address on the same subnet as the router

After connecting the computer to one of the router's LAN ethernet ports:

1. Ping the router at it's IP address CONTINUOUSLY and setting up tftp
2. Connect the computer to the router and checking for issues
3. Put the router in maintenance mode
4. tftp VxWorksPrep-G2V1.bin to the router
5. tftp VxWorksKiller-G2V1.bin to the router
6. tftp a Micro build of DD-WRT to the router
7. After 5 minutes, power cycle the router and check for issues
8. Hard reset the router, wait 5 minutes, set a password and configure DD-WRT

[edit] Procedure

This How-To does not contain instructions on installing DD-WRT from any BSD-like OS except for Mac OS X, and assumes that you have read the Peacock announcement and official installation instructions, and know how to use the OS you install DD-WRT from, including the Command Prompt (Terminal).

1. Download the the files needed for installing DD-WRT to the router. You'll need VxWorksPrep-G2V1.bin, VxWorksKiller-G2V1.bin, and one of the Micro builds of your choice.
2. BEFORE following through with the rest of these steps, make sure the computer is DISCONNECTED from your router and do a HARD RESET or 30/30/30! It is in the official installation instructions for ALL routers and is included in many install guides on these forums. Please, BEFORE following through with the rest of these steps, do a HARD RESET or 30/30/30!
3. Configure your computer with a static IP of 192.168.1.x (x can have any value from 2-254) and a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0.
4. Open 2 Command Prompt/Terminal windows or just work with the CLI if that's what you're using but be logged into at least 2 virtual terminals. On one of them issue the command:

ping (-t (for Windows only)) 192.168.1.1

(the router's IP address) which only give you multiple "Request timeouts" for now, while in the other Command Prompt/Terminal window setup tftp to upload the files to the router by issuing these commands:

tftp 192.168.1.1
binary
rexmt 1
timeout 60
trace
verbose

DO NOT EXIT AFTER THE LAST COMMAND IS ENTERED! Instead, type:

put VxWorksPrep-G2V1.bin

at the prompt. DO NOT PRESS ENTER YET!

1. Connect the computer the router making sure the plug the ethernet cable into one of the four ETHERNET ports, NOT THE INTERNET PORT. In the Command Prompt/Terminal window where ping is running you should see responses such as this:

64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3918 ttl=64 time=1.812 ms
This is good.

1. Put the router in maintenance mode by the doing the following:

A- Power off (unplug) the router and wait for 30 seconds. Make sure to hold the tip of a pointy object (a pen works best) so that it is just touching the reset button on the router. In the pinging Command Prompt/Terminal window, you'll see responses like this:

Request timeout for icmp_seq 3908

This is also good.
B- PAY ATTENTION THE COMMAND PROMPT/TERMINAL WINDOW WITH THE PING RUNNING. Also make sure that the window in which the tftp commands where entered is in focus. Power (plug in) the router and immediately after, press and hold the reset button for ~5 seconds. You'll then get these responses:

64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3967 ttl=100 time=5.971 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3968 ttl=100 time=1.695 ms

Now for the VxWorksPrep.

1. HIT THE ENTER KEY NOW AS THE RESPONSES ARE ONLY FOR 2 SECONDS! In the window with ping running you'll see these responses:

64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4003 ttl=100 time=5.646 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4004 ttl=100 time=1.654 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4005 ttl=100 time=2.850 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4006 ttl=100 time=3.148 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4007 ttl=100 time=2.328 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4008 ttl=100 time=3.510 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4009 ttl=100 time=2.469 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4010 ttl=100 time=2.803 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4011 ttl=100 time=1.987 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4012 ttl=100 time=4.074 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=4013 ttl=100 time=2.356 ms

The VxWorksPrep-G2V1.bin will be tftp'ed to the router. Wait 1 minute for the router to reboot. If successful, the response to the pings will look like this:

64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3092 ttl=100 time=1.074 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3093 ttl=100 time=0.717 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3094 ttl=100 time=0.728 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3095 ttl=100 time=0.699 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3096 ttl=100 time=0.633 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3097 ttl=100 time=0.706 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3098 ttl=100 time=0.715 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3099 ttl=100 time=0.651 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3100 ttl=100 time=0.647 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3101 ttl=100 time=0.641 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.1.1: icmp_seq=3102 ttl=100 time=0.642 ms

The router is now ready for VxWorksKiller.

1. In the same window as where you entered the tftp commands run the command for tftp'ing VxWorksKiller-G2V1.bin to the router:

put VxWorksKiller-G2V1.bin

You'll get the same responses in the window running ping with as when you tftp'ed the VxWorksPrep-G2V1.bin to the router. Wait 2 minutes for the router to reboot. When the router reboots the responses from the pings will have a ttl of 100.

1. In the tftp window, run the command:

put dd-wrt.v24(rest of the file's name).bin

You'll get more ttl=100 responses from the pinging. Once the tftp has finished, the router WILL reboot. LEAVE THE ROUTER ALONE AND TAKE 5!

1. Power cycle the router (unplug and plug in the power cord), then hard reset the router again. When router fully boots up, open up a web browser (Firefox, Internet Explorer or Safari) and go to 192.168.1.1. If the you get a page asking you to enter a new username and password, success! If not go back to step 6 (provided that you didn't close any windows, if so go back to step 4) and try again.
2. Once you have succeeded in getting DD-WRT on the router, hard reset the router again, wait 5 minutes, go to 192.168.1.1 and go about configuring DD-WRT to suit.
3. YOU'RE DONE!

[edit] Troubleshooting

[edit] Forum

Search the Broadcom Forum and review the WRT54G2v1.0 thread for more information.

[edit] TFTP troubleshooting

• Linux users can use this tool: http://www.dd-wrt.com/dd-wrtv2/downloads/others/tornado/Linux_Linksys_Tftp/linksys-tftp.tar.bz2
• Linksys tftp.exe and tftp2.exe seem to have a problem working through Vista. Several users have complained of connection problems using Vista (see below). However, tftp.exe and tftp2.exe seem to work well in XP. Try disabling Windows firewall in Vista before using tftp.exe. Try using another tftp program that allows a password or set the password to blank and use the Vista command line tftp program.
• Empty password workaround to use standard tftp: If you cannot use Linksys tftp and must use standard tftp that does not take password, there is a workaround from Eko: Login to the linksys and set the password to be empty (no characters at all). Save and exit the router. Then you can uses command line tftp without password.
• Possible workaround for tftp on Vista and Windows 7: Right-click on the "tftp.exe" file that you downloaded and select "Properties" from the menu. At the bottom of the Properties dialog, you will see "Security: This file came from another computer and might be blocked to help protect this computer." Click on the "Unblock" button next to that and then click "OK". tftp should work after that.

[edit] Issues after firmware upload

For cgi errors after installation of dd-wrt, try a hard reset. Try instructions from the "Peacock announcement".

[edit] Flashing Power Light

If you have a continuously flashing power light, the router is not bricked and can be reflashed. This normally happens when the flash is corrupted from a firmware upgrade. In order to fix this download the latest firmware from Linksys and put the router in management mode by doing the following:

1. Connect power and Connect to a PC using any of the 1-4 Ethernet ports. Set up the PC to do 10Mbps Half duplex.
2. Open a browser, preferably Mozilla Firefox and type 192.168.1.1 in the address bar [dont press enter yet].
3. Press and hold reset button for 30 seconds.
4. While holding the reset button unplug power and wait 30 seconds.
5. While holding the reset button plug the power back.
6. While holding the reset button press enter in Firefox. It should show a minimal Management Mode screen. With a place to browse for your firmware file.
7. While holding the reset button, point to your firmware file and press upgrade.
8. Keep holding the reset for at least 3 more minutes or until the router comes back and shows success and asks you to recycle power.

Viola, after the contortion act, you should have a working router again.

[edit] Unbricking WRT54G2

• You need to make a jtag cable or buy one from eBay. Solder a simple pin header or use an alternative like Wire Glue, the cheapest of these type of glues. Just put it on let it dry, no soldering.
• Then use Tjtagv2 program to unbrick your router: EJTAG De-Brick tool
• Use Tjtagv2 to upload WRT54G2 "wholeflash" image from here

[edit] Reporting a bug in DD-WRT

• Check it is not already reported: http://svn.dd-wrt.com/timeline
• Report the bug: http://svn.dd-wrt.com/register

[edit] Credits

Thanks to BrainSlayer for the generic and oslrd Micro builds, Eko for the brilliant 13000 Micro Plus w/ SSH, Murrkf for the information rich Peacock thread, dvs who first discovered how to put a NEWD compatible router in maintenance mode, toolman667 for the tftp commands and everyone who worked on this wiki article.

• Process developed by Eko.
  
• Tornado and redhawk0 for their help.
  
• Thx to Ick & gfunk911 for donating routers.
  
• Reverting through JTAG by redhawk
  
• Alternate Flash instructions by Soul_Est and dvs
  
• Unbrick instruction by Shawn360.
  
• Wiki created by Doramius

Category: Linksys